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Concepts and implementation of strain-based criteria in design codes for steel structures

Reidar BJORHOVDE

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2012, Volume 6, Issue 3,   Pages 210-216 doi: 10.1007/s11709-012-0165-7

Abstract: It does not represent the actual behavior of the steel in a structure, and was never intended to do soTo study the true behavior of the structure and how the material responds it would be better to determinethe strains and deformations that will take place during actual service condition.Such characteristics reflect the real behavior, whether in the elastic or inelastic range.

Keywords： steel     stress-strain characteristics     tension test     strain design     actual behavior     improved design codes    

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Integration of renewable energies, flexible loads and storages into the German power grid: Actual situation

Harald SCHWARZ, Xiaoshu CAI

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2,   Pages 107-118 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0470-x

Abstract: Starting from the late 1990’s, the German government decided to change the national electric power supply system dramatically. The main stimulating instrument was the German Law on Renewable Energies (Erneuerbare Energien Gesetz (EEG)), which guaranteed a fixed feed-in tariff to everyone who was willing to invest into renewable generation. Based on the year of commissioning, defined revenues per kWh were fixed for the next 20 years. Due to a very attractive over-funding, more than 1.5 million renewable generation units were connected to the German grid up to the end of 2015. According to the EEG, renewable generation units can feed to the grid wherever they are located and whenever they are able to produce. The old physical principle was and is still neglected, which clearly stated that generation always has to follow the demand—simply due to the limited availability of storages in the power system. Only in cases, when temporarily renewable overproduction exceeds the tolerable loading of lines or transformers respectively endangers the system stability in total, are German grid operators allowed to announce curtailments by emergency measures. Even in such cases, the “not produced energy” from renewable sources has to be funded. Although the installed capacity from renewables is much higher than the peak load in Germany, it contributes only about 32% to German average annual energy. Unfortunately, the regional distribution of renewable generation and load is very different, e.g. in the northeast of Germany, this Renewable Energy (RE)-ratio meanwhile exceeds 100% due to the high RE-penetration and low load. High transits of renewable overproduction from the north to the south will be necessary at nearly every day per year. Therefore, a tremendous change is needed within the German power grid. This paper will give a first overview followed by several others, describing possible solutions on how to overcome this critical situation.

Keywords： grid integration     renewable energies     system stability     storages     flexible loads     new market design    

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Impact of renewable energies on the operation and economic situation of coal fired power stations: Actual

Hans-Joachim KRAUTZ, Alexander LISK, Joachim POSSELT, Christian KATZER

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 2,   Pages 119-125 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0468-4

Abstract: Due to the fluctuating character of the renewable energy sources the demand of conventional power plants for flexibility is increasing. In the recent years, in Germany there has been a fast rise of production capacity of renewable energies, especially from wind turbines, photovoltaic installations, and biomass plants. The installed nominal power of wind turbines is actually (December 2016) 42 GW and of photovoltaic installations 40?GW. The renewable electric energy production in Germany is about 190?TWh/a, which represents a share of 33% of the yearly demand. The increased need for flexibility affects both the power gradients as well as the minimum load of conventional power plants. Due to this flexibility behaviour, conventional power plants are faced with problems concerning the durability of power plant components, corrosion, more maintenance effort and consequently the overall life expectancy. Another consequence of the increasing share of renewable energies is the decreasing full load operating hours, especially of coal fired and gas power plants. Along with decreasing revenues from the energy exchange market, coal fired power plants are faced with new economically challenges.

Keywords： flexible load operation     minimal load     power gradients     power plant maintenance     corrosion     life expectancy    

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Theoretical analysis and actual experimental research on static characteristics of suspendome structure

CHEN Zhihua, YAN Xiangyu, SUN Ruirui, FENG Zhenchang, QIN Yali, ZHAO Jianbo

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2007, Volume 1, Issue 3,   Pages 286-292 doi: 10.1007/s11709-007-0037-8

Abstract: The suspendome used as the roof of the VIP hall in Tianjin Museum was analyzed by ANASYS under the assumptions of hinged joints and rigid joints in up chord, respectively, and the results show that the member force and nodal displacement under the two assumptions have little difference. Thus, it is attained that the suspendome can be analyzed with the assumption of hinged joints. A full-scale test on the suspendome with half-cable and half-pipe was carried out. The loading system, arrangement of measuring points, and the test procedures are introduced. Also, a test on steel wire ropes for elastic module was carried out. The experimental and theoretical values of member forces and nodal displacements were compared and it showed that they accord well with each other under low-level load. While under high-level load, the experimental value was bigger than the theoretical value due to the influence of the test environment. With the increase of the load, tension of outside cables and looseness of inside cables occurred, which indicated that the prestressing value in inside cables should be properly assigned. Both the experimental and theoretical results verify that the suspendome has a wide application prospect with the advantages of perfect mechanical characteristics, low steel consumption, convenient construction and low cost.

Keywords： Tianjin     influence     displacement     high-level     low-level    

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Model design of static experiment for the middle tower of multispan suspension bridge based on actual

Ji Lin,Wang Tao and Wu Hanliang

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 5,   Pages 66-70

Abstract: In this paper, a small-scale model was designed for the middle tower of Taizhou Bridge, based on its actual

Keywords： suspension bridge     middle tower     actual working conditions     similarity theory     numerical simulation     model    

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Compressor performance of two-stage turbocharging system

HE Yituan, MA Chaochen, WEI Mingshan, ZHU Zhifu, HE Yituan

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2008, Volume 3, Issue 2,   Pages 218-221 doi: 10.1007/s11465-008-0027-0

Abstract: The results showed many differences between the corrected mass flow and the actual mass flow of the highTo find out the actual supercharging effect of the two-stage turbocharging system, it is better to adoptthe actual mass flow.

Keywords： special two-stage     HP     performance experiment     reliability     actual supercharging    

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Hyperbranched magnetic polymer: highly efficient removal of Cr(VI) and application in electroplating wastewater

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2023, Volume 17, Issue 10,   Pages 1568-1580 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2303-2

Abstract: For actual wastewater containing Cr(VI), the Cr(VI) concentration was reduced from 25.8 to 0.4 mg∙Lactual

Keywords： magnetic polymer     chromium removal     hydrogen bonding     recyclability     actual wastewater    

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Investigation on the integral output power model of a large-scale wind farm

BAO Nengsheng, MA Xiuqian, NI Weidou

Frontiers in Energy 2007, Volume 1, Issue 1,   Pages 67-78 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0006-x

Abstract: The actual wind speed power model and calculation method of a wind farm made up of many wind turbineFinally, an actual power output of the wind farm is calculated and analyzed by using the practical measurement

Keywords： power model     actual     energy     large-scale     practical measurement    

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Study on Big Data-based Behavior Modification in Metro Construction

Lie-yun Ding,Sheng-yu Guo

Frontiers of Engineering Management 2015, Volume 2, Issue 2,   Pages 131-136 doi: 10.15302/J-FEM-2015037

Abstract: , construction accidents frequently happen, which are significantly attributable to workers’ unsafe behaviorBehavior-based safety (BBS) is an effective method to modify workers’ unsafe behavior.This paper introduces the study on big data-based metro construction behavior modification, aiming toFirst, the behavior modification pushing mechanism based on content-based personalized recommendationSecondly, the development of behavior modification system of metro construction (BMSMC) is introduced

Keywords： big data     unsafe behavior     behavior modification     behavior-based safety (BBS)     unsafe behavior rate    

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Flow behavior of non-spherical particle flowing in hopper

He TAO,Wenqi ZHONG,Baosheng JIN

Frontiers in Energy 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 315-321 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0331-9

Abstract: Ellipsoidal particles flowing in the hopper were simulated by using the discrete element method (DEM), and described by the multi-element method. The contact detection algorithm and equations for ellipsoidal particle motion in hopper were developed. And the simulation results were confirmed by experiment. Additionally, the mass flow rate, pressure distribution and velocity distribution of two kinds of particles were examined. The results show that the mass flow rate of ellipsoidal particles is smaller than that of spherical particles. There is a maximum value of pressure drop at the top of the junction. Besides, the pressure drop decreases with the discharging time increasing. The velocity of spherical particle is larger than that of ellipsoidal.

Keywords： discrete element method     ellipsoidal particle     flow behavior     hopper    

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Evaluation of the performance of a centralized ground-water heat pump system in cold climate region

Shilei LU,Zhe CAI,Li ZHANG,Yiran LI

Frontiers in Energy 2014, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 394-402 doi: 10.1007/s11708-014-0310-1

Abstract: The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of a centralized open-loop ground-water heat pump (GWHP) system for climate conditioning in Beijing with a cold climate in China. Thus, a long-time test was conducted on a running GWHP system for the heating season from December 2011 to March 2012. The analysis of the testing data indicates that the average heat-pump coefficient of performance (COP) and the COP of the system (COPs) are 4.27 and 2.59. The low value and large fluctuation in the range of COP are found to be caused by the heat transfixion in the aquifer and the bypass in the circulation loop. Therefore, some suggestions are proposed to improve the performance for GWHPs in the cold climate region in China.

Keywords： ground-water heat pump (GWHP)     actual coefficient of performance     heat transfixion    

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A simplified method for investigating the bending behavior of piles supporting embankments on soft ground

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering   Pages 1021-1032 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0952-3

Abstract: soil deformation mechanism and Poulos’ solution for pile–soil interaction to investigate the bending behaviorFurthermore, the effect of embedding a pile into a firm ground layer on the bending behavior was investigated

Keywords： bending behavior     pile     embankment     soil−structure interaction     failure mode    

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Weakening behavior of waterproof performance in joints of shield tunnels under adjacent constructions

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering   Pages 884-900 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0912-3

Abstract: In this study, the weakening behavior of waterproof performance was investigated in the joints of shield

Keywords： shield tunnel     waterproof performance     horizontal transverse deformation     joint opening     weakening behavior    

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Effects of herding behavior of tradable green certificate market players on market efficiency: Insights

Frontiers in Energy 2023, Volume 17, Issue 2,   Pages 266-285 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0752-1

Abstract: efficiency is reflected in stimulating renewable energy investment, but may be reduced by the herding behaviorheterogeneous agents, communication structure, and regulatory rules to explore the characteristics of herding behaviorThe results show that the evolution of herding behavior reduces information asymmetry and improves marketMoreover, the herding behavior may evolve to an equilibrium where the revenue of market players is comparable

Keywords： tradable green certificate     herding behavior     evolution     heterogeneous agent model     complex network    

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Adsorption behavior of antibiotic in soil environment: a critical review

Shiliang WANG,Hui WANG

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 4,   Pages 565-574 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0801-2

Abstract: Antibiotics are used widely in human and veterinary medicine, and are ubiquitous in environment matrices worldwide. Due to their consumption, excretion, and persistence, antibiotics are disseminated mostly via direct and indirect emissions such as excrements, sewage irrigation, and sludge compost and enter the soil and impact negatively the natural ecosystem of soil. Most antibiotics are amphiphilic or amphoteric and ionize. A non-polar core combined with polar functional moieties makes up numerous antibiotic molecules. Because of various molecule structures, physicochemical properties vary widely among antibiotic compounds. Sorption is an important process for the environment behaviors and fate of antibiotics in soil environment. The adsorption process has decisive role for the environmental behaviors and the ultimate fates of antibiotics in soil. Multiply physicochemical properties of antibiotics induce the large variations of their adsorption behaviors. In addition, factors of soil environment such as the pH, ionic strength, metal ions, and organic matter content also strongly impact the adsorption processes of antibiotics. Review about adsorption of antibiotics on soil can provide a fresh insight into understanding the antibiotic-soil interactions. Therefore, literatures about the adsorption mechanisms of antibiotics in soil environment and the effects of environment factors on adsorption behaviors of antibiotics in soil are reviewed and discussed systematically in this review.

Keywords： adsorption     antibiotics     environment factors     soil    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Concepts and implementation of strain-based criteria in design codes for steel structures

Reidar BJORHOVDE

Journal Article

Integration of renewable energies, flexible loads and storages into the German power grid: Actual situation

Harald SCHWARZ, Xiaoshu CAI

Journal Article

Impact of renewable energies on the operation and economic situation of coal fired power stations: Actual

Hans-Joachim KRAUTZ, Alexander LISK, Joachim POSSELT, Christian KATZER

Journal Article

Theoretical analysis and actual experimental research on static characteristics of suspendome structure

CHEN Zhihua, YAN Xiangyu, SUN Ruirui, FENG Zhenchang, QIN Yali, ZHAO Jianbo

Journal Article

Model design of static experiment for the middle tower of multispan suspension bridge based on actual

Ji Lin,Wang Tao and Wu Hanliang

Journal Article

Compressor performance of two-stage turbocharging system

HE Yituan, MA Chaochen, WEI Mingshan, ZHU Zhifu, HE Yituan

Journal Article

Hyperbranched magnetic polymer: highly efficient removal of Cr(VI) and application in electroplating wastewater

Journal Article

Investigation on the integral output power model of a large-scale wind farm

BAO Nengsheng, MA Xiuqian, NI Weidou

Journal Article

Study on Big Data-based Behavior Modification in Metro Construction

Lie-yun Ding,Sheng-yu Guo

Journal Article

Flow behavior of non-spherical particle flowing in hopper

He TAO,Wenqi ZHONG,Baosheng JIN

Journal Article

Evaluation of the performance of a centralized ground-water heat pump system in cold climate region

Shilei LU,Zhe CAI,Li ZHANG,Yiran LI

Journal Article

A simplified method for investigating the bending behavior of piles supporting embankments on soft ground

Journal Article

Weakening behavior of waterproof performance in joints of shield tunnels under adjacent constructions

Journal Article

Effects of herding behavior of tradable green certificate market players on market efficiency: Insights

Journal Article

Adsorption behavior of antibiotic in soil environment: a critical review

Shiliang WANG,Hui WANG

Journal Article